Positive Mental Health in University Students and Its Relations with Psychological Vulnerability, Mental Health Literacy, and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Descriptive Correlational Study.

This study aimed to evaluate positive mental health (PMH) and its relation with sociodemographic characteristics, mental health literacy, and the psychological vulnerability scale (PVS) in Portuguese university students aged 17 to 62. A descriptive correlational study was carried out. An online survey was conducted to evaluate demographic variables, and several questionnaires were applied to evaluate positive mental health, psychological vulnerability, and mental health literacy. The data was collected from 1 November 2019 to 1 September 2020. Overall, 3405 students participated in the study. The results show that 67.8% of students revealed a high level of PMH, 31.6% presented a medium level of PMH, and 0.6% had a low level of PMH. Male students reported higher personal satisfaction (t (3170) = -2.39, p = 0.017) and autonomy (t (3170) = -3.33, p = 0.001) in PMH compared to female students. Students without a scholarship scored higher (t (3127) = -2.04, p = 0.42) in PMH than students who held a scholarship. Students who were not displaced from their home reported higher (t (3170) = -1.99, p = 0.047) self-control in PMH than those displaced from their home. University students with higher PMH results had lower PVS results and higher literacy results. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying students' PMH intervention needs.

Nursing managers'attitudes towards death: repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic Actitudes de los gerentes de enfermería ante la muerte: repercusiones de la pandemia COVID-19

Objetivo: analisar as atitudes dos enfermeiros gestores face à morte, antes e após o período crítico da pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal e comparativo, realizado em uma instituição hospitalar do Norte de Portugal. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de questionário, que integrava a Escala de Avaliação do Perfil de Atitudes acerca da Morte, em dois momentos. O primeiro ocorreu em 2018, com participação de 28 enfermeiros gestores, e o segundo, em 2020, com 21 enfermeiros gestores. Resultados: globalmente, os participantes manifestaram maior concordância com as atitudes "aceitação neutral/neutralidade"e "medo". Embora algumas das cinco dimensões das atitudes não tenham apresentado diferenças significativas entre o primeiro e segundo momento, constatou-se que em relação à "aceitação como aproximação", a média obtida no momento, após o período crítico da pandemia por COVID-19, foi superior. Conclusão: a partir dos resultados emerge a importância de se investir na preparação dos enfermeiros gestores para lidar com a morte e o processo de morrer, com uma dupla intencionalidade: minimizar o seu sofrimento e assegurar a otimização do acompanhamento e apoio aos enfermeiros da equipe que lidera. Objective: to analyze the attitudes of nurse managers towards death, before and after the critical period of the pandemic by COVID-19. Method: quantitative, cross-sectional and comparative study, carried out in a hospital in Northern Portugal. Data collection occurred through a questionnaire, that integrated the Attitude Profile Assessment Scale about Death, in two stages. The first occurred in 2018, with the participation of 28 nurse managers, and the second, in 2020, with 21 nurse managers. Results: globally, the participants showed greater agreement with the attitudes of "neutral acceptance/neutrality"and "fear". Although some of the five dimensions of attitudes did not show significant differences between the first and second moments, it was found that in relation to "acceptance as approximation", the average obtained at the moment, after the critical period of the pandemic by COVID-19, was superior. Conclusion: from the results emerges the importance of investing in the preparation of nurse managers to deal with death and the process of dying, with a double intention: to minimize their suffering and ensure the optimization of monitoring and support to the nurses of the team that leads. Objetivo: analizar las actitudes de los gerentes de enfermería hacia la muerte, antes y después del período crítico de la pandemia por COVID-19. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal y comparativo, realizado en un hospital del norte de Portugal. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario, que integró el Escala de Evaluación del Perfil de Actitud sobre la Muerte, en dos etapas. El primero ocurrió en 2018, con la participación de 28 gerentes de enfermería, y el segundo, en 2020, con 21 gerentes de enfermería. Resultados: globalmente, los participantes mostraron mayor acuerdo con las actitudes de "aceptación neutral/neutralidad"y "miedo". Si bien algunas de las cinco dimensiones de las actitudes no mostraron diferencias significativas entre el primer y segundo momento, se encontró que en relación a la "aceptación como aproximación", el promedio obtenido en el momento, luego del período crítico de la pandemia por COVID-19, fue superior. Conclusión: de los resultados surge la importancia de invertir en la preparación de los gerentes de enfermería para afrontar la muerte y el proceso de morir, con una doble intención: minimizar su sufrimiento y asegurar la optimización del seguimiento y acompañamiento a los enfermeros del equipo que lideran.